Buy NAD+ (500mg)

NAD+ Product Description

NAD+ is a coenzyme involved in redox reactions and cellular metabolism. It has gained attention for its role as a signaling molecule, influencing processes such as energy metabolism, cell survival, and aging. NAD+ levels decline with age, leading to altered metabolism and increased disease susceptibility, which has spurred interest in NAD+-boosting molecules to enhance health and longevity.

Product Information

NAD+ Structure

Source: PubChem

NAD+ Research

NAD+ is involved in redox reactions and serves as a cofactor for various enzymes, including sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. It plays a significant role in cellular processes such as metabolism, DNA repair, and chromatin remodeling, which are vital for maintaining tissue and metabolic homeostasis. A decline in NAD+ levels is observed with aging, contributing to age-associated diseases like cognitive decline, cancer, and metabolic disorders.

Aging and Longevity

NAD+ plays a significant role in aging and longevity. Research indicates that restoring NAD+ levels in aged or diseased animals can promote health and extend lifespan. This has led to the exploration of NAD+ precursors like nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), which have shown promise in ameliorating age-associated pathophysiologies.¹

CD38, an NADase, plays a central role in age-related NAD+ decline. Inhibiting CD38 with specific inhibitors like 78c has been shown to reverse NAD+ decline and improve metabolic and physiological parameters in aging models. This includes enhanced glucose tolerance, muscle function, and cardiac performance. The increase in NAD+ levels activates pro-longevity factors such as sirtuins and AMPK, while inhibiting pathways like mTOR-S6K that negatively affect healthspan. This pharmacological strategy highlights the potential of targeting NAD+ metabolism to prevent or reverse age-related metabolic dysfunction.²

Metabolic Disorders

Alterations in NAD+ metabolism are closely linked to the development of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAD+ levels tend to decrease with aging and under conditions of nutrient disturbance, contributing to these disorders.³ The imbalance in NAD+/NADH ratios can lead to impaired cellular stress responses and metabolic dysfunctions, which are characteristic of metabolic diseases.⁴

Cardiovascular Diseases

Aging and metabolic stress are associated with a decline in NAD+ levels, which can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases.⁵ This depletion is linked to major risk factors such as obesity and hypertension, which contribute to the development of conditions like atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathies.⁶ The loss of NAD+ with age or stress underscores the importance of maintaining NAD+ levels to prevent cardiovascular dysfunction.⁷

Neurodegenerative Disorders

NAD+ participates in redox reactions and NAD+-dependent signaling processes, which are essential for modulating mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress, a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases. The activation of NAD+-dependent pathways can enhance cellular resilience against oxidative damage, which is crucial for maintaining neuronal health.⁸ Additionally, NAD+ influences axonal maintenance and viability, with its metabolism being a target for therapeutic interventions in neurological diseases.⁹

Research suggests that increasing NAD+ availability can ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and reduce neuroinflammation. This has been demonstrated in models of Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and ALS, where NAD+ enhancement improved mitochondrial function, reduced neuroinflammation, and enhanced cognitive and synaptic functions. The Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway is one mechanism through which NAD+ exerts its protective effects, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.¹⁰

Mitochondrial Function

NAD+ metabolism is intricately linked to mitochondrial function. It acts as a substrate for sirtuins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacylases, which are key regulators of mitochondrial homeostasis. Increased NAD+ levels and sirtuin activation have been associated with improved mitochondrial function, organismal metabolism, and lifespan across various species.¹¹

The source and transport of NAD+ within mitochondria have been subjects of debate. Recent studies have identified SLC25A51 as a mammalian mitochondrial NAD+ transporter, which is essential for maintaining mitochondrial NAD+ pools and respiratory function.¹² The de novo synthesis of NAD+ has been shown to enhance mitochondrial function, with enzymes like ACMSD playing a critical role in regulating cellular NAD+ levels and sirtuin activity.¹¹

Cancer Research

Cancer cells exhibit a unique metabolic phenotype known as the Warburg effect, characterized by increased glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen, which is supported by elevated NAD+ levels.¹² The NAD+ salvage pathway is particularly important in cancer cells, as it is the primary method of NAD+ synthesis, and its inhibition has been shown to induce cancer cell cytotoxicity.¹³

NAD+ metabolism is not only crucial within cancer cells but also affects the tumor microenvironment. NAD+ and its metabolites can influence immune responses and contribute to the creation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.¹⁴ Enzymes such as CD38, which consume NAD+, are involved in producing immunosuppressive metabolites like adenosine, further impacting cancer progression and immune evasion.¹⁵

Targeting NAD+ metabolism presents a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Inhibitors of NAD+ biosynthesis, particularly those targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), have shown potential in preclinical models, although resistance mechanisms such as alternative NAD+ biosynthetic pathways can limit their effectiveness.¹⁶

References

1. Rajman, L., Chwalek, K., & Sinclair, D. (2018). Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence.. Cell metabolism, 27 3, 529-547 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.011.
2. Tarragó, M., Chini, C., Kanamori, K., Warner, G., Caride, A., De Oliveira, G., Rud, M., Samani, A., Hein, K., Huang, R., Jurk, D., Cho, D., Boslett, J., Miller, J., Zweier, J., Passos, J., Doles, J., Becherer, D., & Chini, E. (2018). A Potent and Specific CD38 Inhibitor Ameliorates Age-Related Metabolic Dysfunction by Reversing Tissue NAD+ Decline.. Cell metabolism, 27 5, 1081-1095.e10 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.016.
3. Okabe, K., Yaku, K., Tobe, K., & Nakagawa, T. (2019). Implications of altered NAD metabolism in metabolic disorders. Journal of Biomedical Science, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-019-0527-8.
4. Amjad, S., Nisar, S., Bhat, A., Shah, A., Frenneaux, M., Fakhro, K., Haris, M., Reddy, R., Patay, Z., Baur, J., & Bagga, P. (2021). Role of NAD+ in regulating cellular and metabolic signaling pathways. Molecular Metabolism, 49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101195.
5. Rotllan, N., Camacho, M., Tondo, M., Diarte-Añazco, E., Canyelles, M., Méndez-Lara, K., Benítez, S., Alonso, N., Mauricio, D., Escolà-Gil, J., Blanco-Vaca, F., & Julve, J. (2021). Therapeutic Potential of Emerging NAD+-Increasing Strategies for Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121939.
6. Abdellatif, M., Sedej, S., & Kroemer, G. (2021). NAD+ Metabolism in Cardiac Health, Aging, and Disease.. Circulation, 144 22, 1795-1817 . https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056589.
7. Lin, Q., Zuo, W., Liu, Y., Wu, K., & Liu, Q. (2021). NAD+ and Cardiovascular Diseases.. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.012.
8. Pehar, M., Harlan, B., Killoy, K., & Vargas, M. (2017). Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Metabolism and Neurodegeneration.. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 28 18, 1652-1668 . https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2017.7145.
9. Alexandris, A., & Koliatsos, V. (2023). NAD+, Axonal Maintenance, and Neurological Disease. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 39, 1167 – 1184. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2023.0350.
10. Zhao, Y., Zhang, J., Zheng, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, H., Du, Y., Guan, J., Wang, X., & Fu, J. (2021). NAD+ improves cognitive function and reduces neuroinflammation by ameliorating mitochondrial damage and decreasing ROS production in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion models through Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-021-02250-8.
11. Katsyuba, E., Mottis, A., Ziętak, M., De Franco, F., Van Der Velpen, V., Gariani, K., Ryu, D., Cialabrini, L., Matilainen, O., Liscio, P., Giacchè, N., Stokar-Regenscheit, N., Legouis, D., De Seigneux, S., Ivanisevic, J., Raffaelli, N., Schoonjans, K., Pellicciari, R., & Auwerx, J. (2018). De novo NAD+ synthesis enhances mitochondrial function and improves health. Nature, 563, 354 – 359. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0645-6.
12. Luongo, T., Eller, J., Lu, M., Niere, M., Raith, F., Raith, F., Perry, C., Bornstein, M., Oliphint, P., Wang, L., McReynolds, M., Migaud, M., Rabinowitz, J., Johnson, F., Johnsson, K., Johnsson, K., Ziegler, M., Cambronne, X., & Baur, J. (2020). SLC25A51 is a mammalian mitochondrial NAD+ transporter. Nature, 588, 174 – 179. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2741-7.
13. Yaku, K., Okabe, K., Hikosaka, K., & Nakagawa, T. (2018). NAD Metabolism in Cancer Therapeutics. Frontiers in Oncology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2018.00622.
14. Kennedy, B., Sharif, T., Martell, E., Dai, C., Kim, Y., Lee, P., & Gujar, S. (2016). NAD+ salvage pathway in cancer metabolism and therapy.. Pharmacological research, 114, 274-283 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.027.
15. Audrito, V., Managò, A., Gaudino, F., Sorci, L., Messana, V., Raffaelli, N., & Deaglio, S. (2019). NAD-Biosynthetic and Consuming Enzymes as Central Players of Metabolic Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Cancer. Frontiers in Immunology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01720.
16. Myong, S., Nguyen, A., & Challa, S. (2024). Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential of NAD+ Metabolism in Gynecological Cancers. Cancers, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16173085.
17. Ghanem, M., Caffa, I., Monacelli, F., & Nencioni, A. (2024). Inhibitors of NAD+ Production in Cancer Treatment: State of the Art and Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042092.

NAD+ (12010)

NAD+(250972)

NAD+(10917)

Endotoxin NAD+

NAD 500(2502050011)

×

Disclaimer: For Research Purposes Only

This content is provided strictly for research purposes and does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for the non-laboratory application or improper handling of peptides designed for research. The information, including discussions about specific peptides and their researched benefits, is presented for informational purposes only and must not be construed as health, clinical, or legal guidance, nor an encouragement for non-research use in humans. Peptides described here are solely for use in structured scientific study by authorized individuals. We advise consulting with research experts, medical practitioners, or legal counsel prior to any decisions about obtaining or utilizing these peptides. The expectation of responsible, ethical utilization of this information for legitimate investigative and scholarly objectives is paramount. This notice is dynamic and governs all provided content on research peptides. . .